Why Testing Yourself Works (Even When it Doesn't Feel Like it)
15th May 2026 12:42
As learners, we often want to find the most effective strategies to reach our goals. We have lots of options; re-reading our notes, making flash cards, watching videos to expand our knowledge. One these methods is retrieval practice (aka testing yourself to see what you know). Often, students feel like this sort of thing just doesn't work, or makes them feel WORSE than when they started! But as our understanding of learning improves, it seems like this method is actually the best for keeping the information in the long term!
Unlike passive review methods like rereading, retrieval practice actively engages the brain and enhances long-term memory.
The Science Behind Retrieval Practice
Retrieval practice involves the deliberate recall of information from memory, strengthening the connections in our brain linked to the things we've just learnt. Research has consistently shown the effectiveness of retrieval practice in improving long-term retention. For example, Roediger and Karpicke (2006) demonstrated that students who engaged in retrieval practice outperformed those who relied on rereading when tested on the material.
Retrieval Practice vs. Rereading
Retrieval practice offers a few benefits over rereading as a study technique. Firstly, while rereading may create a sense of familiarity with the material, it does not guarantee effective learning. Retrieval practice, on the other hand, promotes active retrieval and strengthens memory traces, leading to better retention and recall (Karpicke & Blunt, 2011).
Secondly, retrieval practice encourages the development of metacognitive awareness (metacognition = thinking about thinking/learning - it's what you're doing while reading this!) By actively recalling information, students become more aware of their gaps in knowledge, enabling them to target their studying more efficiently and focus on areas that require further reinforcement (Dunlosky et al., 2013).
How to use Retrieval Practice in your own studies
Frequent Quizzing: Incorporate frequent low-stakes quizzes or self-testing sessions while studying. This could involve creating flashcards, using online quiz platforms, or summarising key concepts from memory. These don't need to be fancy! Sometimes, simpler & free apps work the best.
Interleaved Practice: Mix up different topics or subjects during study sessions, rather than studying them in isolation. This technique helps enhance long-term retention and promotes the ability to transfer knowledge across different contexts (Bjork & Bjork, 2011).
Elaboration and Explanation: After retrieving information, try explaining the concepts or ideas in your own words. This process encourages deeper understanding and strengthens memory associations (Fiorella & Mayer, 2015).
Retrieval Practice Timelines: Plan regular retrieval practice sessions over a longer period, spacing them out over time. This spaced retrieval enhances the durability of memory and improves long-term retention (Kang, 2016).
Want to get nerdy with it? Check out this article on retrieval practice: Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (2011). Making things hard on yourself, but in a good way: Creating desirable difficulties to enhance learning.